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* and Friedrich Ebert， and economic issues， the term was first used to identify any German who had a hand in either the Armistice* or the Versailles Treaty， Vanguard ofNazism. A Historical dictionary of Germany's Weimar Republic， Flucht in den Mythos; Waite， Lexikon; Thimme， cultural，* Philipp Scheidemann， the Nazis ultimately turned it against anyone associated with the "Weimar system. REFERENCES: Laqueur， Theodor Wolff* (a newspaper editor) was the premier example of the nonpolitical Novemberver-brecher. From 1915 Wolff had attacked radical annexations in the pages of the Berliner Tageblatt; accordingly，* anyone who gave immoderate sup-port to the Republic could be tagged a Novemberverbrecher. While leading Party officials from the Weimar Coalition* were chiefly suspect， November Criminals ( Novemberverbrecher ) conceived by the anti-republican Right (the DNVP and other unrepentant monarchists)。
* but it was soon applied to those prepared to fulfill the terms of Versailles (e.g.，* it cast an ominous shadow on the Weimar Consti-tution* and the existence of the Republic. Although chief among the "November Criminals ' ' were Matthias Erzberger， Weimar; Taddey， political。
1918-1933 . C. Paul Vincent . ，。
Walther Rathenau* and Gustav Stresemann*). Linked to the Dolchstosslegende， he was cast increasingly in the 1920s as the traitor who had sabotaged national solidarity and had thereby subverted Ger-many s war effort. The NSDAP usurped "November Criminal ' ' as a Party slogan. Applying it broadly to social。